方位及变化描写技巧
(How to describe locations & changes)
一、描写地理方位
1.描写地理方位的词汇
介词(习惯性表达)
在附近 be in close to...; be in near to...: be in proximity of...: be in close proximity to.
在左边 on the left hand side of..; to the left of..; in the left-hand corner of...
在右边 on the right hand side of. ; to the right of...
在中间 be halfway between... and... exactly in the middle of...; roughly in the middle of.
在顶部 be at the top of.; he in the top corner of...
在底部 be at the bottom of: be in the bottom corner of...
小结 in表A在B内,at表A在B外,on表A和B连接,to表A和B分开
2.捕写地理方位的句型
A is situated / located / built in... A位于/被建于....
A lies/ is located / is situated in/ on/to the north of B. A在B的东方/西方/南方/北方。
A in in the eastern part of 1B. A在B内部的东部。
A lies 120 km to the northwest of B. A在B西北部的120千米处。
A is at / in the south-easten corner of B. A在B的东南角。
A is on the opposite side of B. / A is opposite to B. A在B的对面。
A is on the eastern border of B. A在B东部边界上(A在B外部)。
A is on / along the eastern edge of B. A在B东部边缘上(A在B内部)。
at the southern end of the river 在道路或河流的最南端
the area adjacent to / near / next to / just off the road 临近马路的地区
on the south / southern side of the river 在河流或道路的南边/北边。
二、描述地理变化
描述变化的基本原则:地图每个细节变化都要提到,不要忽视一个细节。描述变化的书写顺序;时间顺序和空间顺序。
1.描写地理变化的常用词汇
事物状态(表达方式)
原有事物 The original / previous / former...(garden, foreet, river, etc )
原有事物消失 The.. completely disappeared / were removed.
原有事物被改变为
A becomes B
A is replaced / substituted by B = A gives way to B
A is transformed / reconstructed / redeveloped / converted / changed / turned over to / into B
增加了新事物
A newly-bailh...
A new... has been added to the library.
A new... was built / established / set up / constructed / completed and opened in the middle of B.
The year 2000 saw two additions to the land: a pond in the northern part and a vegetable garden on the opposite side.
事物数量增减到 The number of... has increased / reduced / decreased / to 120
事物增长了几倍到The number of... has doubled / tripled / quadrupled to 500.
事物大小变化到 The size of the... has been enlarged / extended / halved / reduced by half
图片
2.描写变化的常用句型
如:现在停车场改成了一个剧院。
The car park has been removed and replaced by a theatre.
城镇A的家庭数量从1937年到2020年将翻一番。
The number of homes in Town A is likely to double.
(is likely to = is predicted to / is estimated to / is projected to / is expected to )
又可写为
It is likely that the number of homes in Town A will double.
(it is likely that = it is predicted / estimated / projected / expected that....)
3.描写地理变化的时态和语态
如果地图题反映的是一个地方在过去的一段时间的变化,则文章用一般过去时。如果地图题反映的是一个地方在将来一段时间的变化趋势,则文章用一般将来时或表“估计"的词汇。如果地图题反映的是一个地方从过去到现在的变化,可用现在完成时。